Hi Jackie,
One of the use cases for this is around facilitating various development processes such as Continuous Integration (CI), etc. for automated testing or whatnot. You can have an artifact published based on a schedule to interact with some nightly build and/or testing procedure. This publishing just places the artifact into the artifact repository - it's not meant to deploy directly to a running environment.
So based on the requirements in your environment, you may not need to use the ESB Publisher. However, if you want to schedule a publish and then deployment, there are other ways to do so using scripting against the ESB Runtimes themselves to update/install the newly published item.
Best Regards,
Ben