Open Studio doesn't shield you from the underlying Java language very much at all. Java is strongly typed, and you'll come across this type of thing again and again as you get familiar with Talend.
So, since what you're writing to is a Date, you have to send a java Date object. And the schema has to be set to Date. You can create a java date with the java expression "new Date()", or if that doesn't work "new java.util.Date()". That will be the current time.
So, instead of "TalendDate.getDate()", try "new java.util.Date()" and let us know if that gives a different error message (sorry it's not convenient for me to create a new job and table to test it out but I think that'll work).
Levin