Starting with Qlik Sense June 2017 you can set a Qlik Sense rim node to be a failover candidate for the Central node. That timeout for failover is set automatically to 10 minutes, but you can change that.
In Qlik Sense February 2018 and above, the value can be changed in the Qlik Sense Management Console. See the QMC resources overview > Service cluster on the Qlik Help for more details.
Pre-February 2018
Environment:
Qlik Sense June 2017 Qlik Sense September 2017 Qlik Sense November 2017
Not recommended. Note that manual modification to the database are not supported by Qlik. Caution is adviced and backups need to be taken before tampering with the database at any time. See Manually Change Central Node Failover Timeout using PgAdmin