Yes, but it's not clear to me what you want. Do you want to change the selection in the Week field or do you want the result of an expression to be based on the last 13 weeks leading up to the selected week?
For the first option you need to add a Select in Field action to the OnSelect field trigger of the Week field. The search string would be something like: ='>=$(=only(Week)-12)<=$(=only(Week))'
For the second option you'd add a set modifier to your expression. For example sum(Sales) would become sum({<Week={'>=$(=only(Week)-12)<=$(=only(Week))'}>}Sales)
