- You can easily calculate the payout with a discount by just multiplying it by 0.9 (10% deduction) etc.
- You can calculate the days_of_delay by subtracting the cutoff_date from the provided_date (that will give you a nr. of days)
=> Then you just have to construct an IF_construction. With your five possibilities, a PICK(MATCH) construct might be more performant, but for that you'd have to take the extra step of making categories. Try with IF for starters.