You load the file into the database using lo_import(), and retrieve it from the database using lo_export(). in the advanced settings of your postgres output, under additional columns, replace your blob column with lo_import(?) the data value for this column should be the file name you want to insert to the blob.
as I know lo_import() is only for oid
for bytea you need a JDBC PreparedStatement, right?
I thought there is a easier way in talend to do this (in combination with tmap)