I don't believe there are any Matlab components, but I do not know of every component in Talend Exchange, so have a look. However I do know that there is a Java API for Matlab. As such, you can use the API with a bit of Java. You will need to be reasonably proficient in Java to do this. If you are, it shouldn't be too hard. I have recently written a tutorial where I make use of a third party API. The tutorial is about using Neural Networks with Talend (which may or may not interest you). But it shows how you can use third party APIs with Talend. You can find it here (
https://www.rilhia.com/tutorials/using-neural-networks-talend-di-and-esb).