You have show/hide functionality on table columns (which can contain links) and in containers (which can contain buttons which can have links).
Neither of these solutions is ideal, but they may work for you.
With the new implementation of the Button you can change the legend on the button based on the user. I'm not sure if you can enable or disable an action, but if you can change the URL target (I'm not sure off the top of my head) you may be able to make the button less prominent (change the colours) and target the URL to reload the current page for some users and then go elsewhere for others.