The ODBC driver used in the Athena Connector has support for use of IAM Profile, although it is not exposed in the Qlik Sense definition dialog. There are no immediate plans to add this in, but the parameters needed can be set in the Advanced section at the bottom of the dialog.
Here is the description from the driver documentation:
Set the AuthenticationType property to IAM Profile
Set the AwsProfile property to the name of the profile to use
Optionally, set the Preferred_Role property to the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the role you want to assume when authenticating through an external credential service